Method and apparatus for distributing liquids



Jan. 22, 1924.

H. R. MERSELES METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING LIQUIDS Filed Nov. 4. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 .Fan. 22%, 1924. 1,481,327

H. R. MER$ELES METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING LIQUIDS File 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 MA /RM as spra Patented Jane 22,. 1924.

UN'TED STATES PATENT OFFICE- HENRY R. MERSELES, OF BRONXVILIBE, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO HERBERT E.

. MERSELES, OF BRONXV'ILLE, NEW YORK.

v M ETEOD AND AFPARATUS FOR DISTRIB'QTING LIQUIDS.

' Application filed November 4, 1922. Serial no. 589,188.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Harm; R. Mnnsnnns, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bronxville, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Meth ods and Apparatus for Distributing Liq uids, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for distributing a liquid and aims to form a solid cone of spray with the use of a small flow of liquid.

Solid cones of spray have heretofore been formed b manipulating a solid stream of liquid wit in the body of a nozzle. The successful operation of such nozzle, however necessitates a comparatively large fi,ow of 2o liquid. For distr buting rinsing fluid in washing machines, where the fluid is frequently supplied from domestic water pipes, and for ot er purposes, such nozzles cannot be used owing to the small flow of liquid available. y The resentinvention aims to distribute a small ow of liquid in a uniform solid cone of spray. In accordance with the invention, the liquid is. first formed into a hollow stream. The hollow stream may be made.

very thin so that the" liquid is projected forcibly even when only a small flow'of the liquid is available. The hollow stream of liquid is then converted into a solid cone of by permitting portions of it to proceed ax1a outwardly at-difierent angles to its axis.

In carrying out the invention in the manner which I now consider most desirable, the

liquid is discharged through a narrow annular orifice in the body of a nozzle so that it form of a hollow cylindrical takes the stream. This stream is thenconverted into a solid cone of spray by means of a rotary defleeting member or spinner located outside the body of the nozzle and provided with passages and deflecting surfaces which permit a portion of the hollow cylindrical stream to proceed axially while deflecting other portions of the stream outwardly at difierent angles. In order that the force of the hollow cylindrical stream may be utilized as effectively as possible to rotate the 17 while deflectmg other portions of it.

spinner, the deflectin surfaces of the spinner are made up of line elements substantially perpendicular to the axis of the spinner. This results in deflecting portions of the hollowcylindrical stream tangentially outward as distinguished from radially outward, and causes the spinner to rotate under the impulse of the portions of .the stream which strike the deflecting surfaces. The

deflecting surfaces and passages are so arranged that when the spinner rotates the hollow cylindrical stream is transformed into a substantially uniform solid cone of spray. I

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated aspray'nozzle which ,may be used for carrying out the method of the invention and which is a specific embodiment of the apparatus features of the invention. In the drawings Fig. 1 1s a side view of the nozzle showing the body of the nozzle sectioned on the,

line 11 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the nozzle showing the body of the nozzle sectioned on the line 2--2 of Fig. 3;

3 is an. outer end view of the nozzle. Fig. 4 is an enlarged diagrammatic developed side view of the spinner indicating the an les at which the liquid is deflected by the different parts of the spinner; a

Fig. 5 is an inner end view of the spinner showing the bolt on which the spinner is mounted sectioned on the line 5-5 ofFig. 1

and indicating the portions of a plane in front of the nozzle upon which liquid is projected from different portions of the spinner when the spinner is held -stationary; and

Fig. '6 is a diagrammatic side view of the spray formed by the nozzle when the spinner is rotating.

The body 10 of the nozzle includes a hollow cylindrical portion or pipe 11 which is externally threaded in order that itmay be screwed into the outer end of a liquid deliverypipe. To facilitate this the outer end ofthe pipe 11 is provided with an external flange 12 which is formed for the engagement of a wrench. A bar 13 extends dia metrically across the inner end of the pipe 11 and contains a tapped hole 14 located centrally in'the pipe 11. The inner end of a bolt 15 is screwed into the liole'14 so as to retain the bolt axially in the pipe 11. The bolt 15 projects beyond the outer end of the pipe 11. In the outer end of the pipe 11 is seated a disk 16 containing a central hole 17 which surrounds the shank of the bolt 15. The s ace between the periphery of the hole 17 an the shank of the bolt forms a narrow annular orifice 20 through which the liquid forced into the inner end of the pipe 11 emerges in the form of a hollow cylindrispinn r s not brought against the head of of the bolt.

the bolt except when it is'forced upwardly by the tream of water projected against it through the orifice 20.

The spinner 30 is provided with a core portion 32, and with outer portions 33 which are formed to provide the deflecting surfaces hereinafter described. The entire spinner is usually'formed of a single piece of metal so that the outer portions 33 are integral with the core ortion 32. The core 32 is shaped so as to eflect the hollow cylindrical stream which merges from the orifice 20 as little as possible. 1 In the formQillustrated, the core 32 tapers outwardly to a slight extent towards the outer end of the spinner. This serves to spread the hollow stream of liquid, which surrounds the bolt 15 at the inner end of the spinner, sufficiently to permit it to pass clear of the head 18 This arrangement simplifies the construction of the nozzle 'by making it possible to use the outer surface of the shank of the bolt as the inner wall of the annular orifice 20. If the inner periphery of the orifice is made of a circumference aslarge as that of the head 18 of the bolt, the core 32 may be made cylindrical. In the form illustrated, it is so near cylindrical that the portions of the hollow cylindrical stream which encounter only'the surface of the core are not deflected away from the axis to any material extent but proceed in a substantially axial direction. Y

The outer portions 33 .of the spinner are spaced soas to provide two passages A which are approximately parallel to the axis of the spinner. Each of the outer portions 33 is formed to provide a deflectin surface BC and a deflecting surface D. 0th sets of deflectin surfaces are made up of line elements su' stantially perpendicular to the axis of the spinnerl To-facilitate manu- Q facturing the spinner by means of dies, however, the deflecting surfaces may be outwardly inclined to a slight extent.

Each deflecting surface BC comprises a substantially helical surface B which is inensa? clined at a large angle to the axis of the spinner and an outwardly curved surface C whichterminates at one of the passages A.

Each of the deflecting surfaces D is inclined to the axis of the spinner at a lesser angle than the surfaces 13. Each deflecting surface D is substantially straight throughout its length, Each is widest at its inner end and tapers off to a point at its outer end.

The operation of the nozzle may best be explained by first describing its operation when the spinner 30. is held stationary. As seen in the developed view, Fig. 4, portions of the c lindrical stream discharged through the orifice 20 pass through the passages-4X and proceed in directions substantially parallel to the axis of the spinner as indicated by the arrows A. Other portions of the cylindrical stream encounter the deflecting surfaces B and are deflected outwardly in directions tangential to the stream and inclined to the axis of the spinner, as indicated by the arrows B in Fig. 4. Still other portions of the cylindrical stream encounter the deflecting surfaces D and are deflected tangentially outward at a lesser angle to the axis as indicated by the arrows D in Fig. 4. A little of the stream is directed outwardly from the'curved surfaces C at about the same angle as the liquid which strikes the deflectin surfaces D. The shaded. areas A B and 2 in Fig. 5 indicate the portions of a plane in front of the nozzle which receive liquid from the passages A and the deflectin surfaces B and D respectively, when the spinner is held stationary. It will be seen from this figure that the portions of the plane against which the liquid is projected from different portions of the spinner are so arran ed that when the spinner rotates the liquid will be distributed very uniformly over a circular area upon the plane.

The impulse of the'liquid upon the deflecting surfaces B and Dcauses the spinner to rotate. Owing to the motion of the defleeting surfaces during the rotation of the spinner, the portion of the stream which encounters each surface is deflected from the axis to a slightly less extent than it would be if the spinner were held stationary. The form of spray produced when the spinner is allowed to rotate is shown in Fig. 6. The liquid encountering the deflecting surfaces 13 is distributed in the outer zone B. The liquid encountering the deflecting surfaces D as well as the small quantity of liquid wh'ichis thrown off by the curved surfaces C, is disis small. It will be understood that the width of the annular orifice may be proportioned tothe flow of liquid available, so as to obtain a hollow'stream having sufficient force to rotate the spinner, no matter how small the flow of liquid available may be. Thus by first forming a hollow stream and then deflecting portions of this stream, 1 have provided a method and means by which a very small flow of liquid may be converted into a solid cone of spray.

What is claimed is.

1. -A method of distributing liquid, which comprises forming the liquid into a. hollow stream, and'forming said 10ll0W stream into a solid cone of spray by deflecting diflerent portions of the hollow stream outwardly from the axis of the stream through different acute angles while permitting another portion of the-stream to proceed axially.

2. A method of distributing liquid, which comprises forming the liqpid into a hollow stream, and forming said ollow stream into a solid cone of spray. by permitting a portion of the stream to proceed axially and deflecting other portions of the stream tangentiall outward at different acute angles tothe direction of flow of the hollow stream while continuously changing the portions of the stream thus deflected.

3. A spray nozzle, comprising a body having an annu ar orifice adapted to discharge a hollow cylindrical stream of liquid, and a spinner coaxial with the orifice and providing a passage permittin a portion of the hollow stream to procee 'substantiall axially and deflecting surfaces located m'the ath of the remaining ortions of the holow stream andin clineti to deflect difierent portions of the stream outwardly in directions substantially tangential to the hollow stream and at'diflerent acute angles to'the direction of flow of the hollow stream.

4. A spray nozzle comprising a body having an annular discharge orifice, and a. spinner outside said body, coaxial with said and provided with pasages substantially parallel to its axis and with deflecting surfaces having curved outer portions terminating at said passages, and other deflecting surfaces tapering outwardly 'to points at the peri hery of the spinner.

' 5. A spray nozziia comprising a body having an annular discharge orifice, and a spinner outside said body, coaxial with said orifice, and provided with passages sub stantially parallel to its axis, and a plurality of deflecting surfaces inclined to the axis of the spinner, some of said surfaces terminating at said passages, and others of said surfaces terminating at points of the periphery, of the spinner.

6. .A spray nozzle,- comprisinga body having anannular discharge orifice,;and a spinner outside said body, coaxial with said tions terminating at said orifice, and provided-with passages subaxis of the spinner and made up of line elements approximately perpendicular to the axis of the spinner, some of said surfaces terminating at said passages, and others of said surfaces terminating at points of the periphery of the spinner.

8. A spray nozzle, comprising a body having an annular discharge orifice, and a spinner outside said body, coaxial with said orifice, and provided with passa s substantially parallel, to its axis. an with defleeting surfaces havinginner portions in- 'clined to-the axis of the spinner at a large angle and outwardly .curved outer portions terminating at said passages, and other defiecting' surfaces at a lesser angle to the axis and straight throughout their length, all of said deflecting surfaces being made upv of line elements substantially perpendicular to the axis of the spinner.

9. A spray nozzle, comprisin a body having an annular discharge ori cc, and a a pluspinner'outside said body coaxial with said approximately perpendicular to the axis of the spinner and located in the path of liquid issuing from said annular orifice.

10. A spray nozzle, comprisin a body having an annular discharge ori cc, and a spinner outsidesaid body, coaxial with said orifice, and formed to provide open passages substantially parallel .to its axis and convexly curved deflecting surfaces terminating at such passages.

11 ."A spray nozzle, comprising a body having an annular discharge orifice formed to project a hollow cylindrical stream, and a spinner outside said body, coaxial with said orifice, and consisting of a core, and spaced outer ortions projecting fromsaid core, located so as to provide assages between'them substantially parall to the axis, and formed so as to'provide deflecting surfaces made up ofline elements approximately perpendicular to the axis of the spinde.

12. A spray nozzle, comprising a. hollow body having acircular opening, a bolt secured in said body and having a smooth cylindrical shank projecting through thecenter of said opening and a head at the outer end of the shank, and a s inner rotatably mounted on Said bolt outsi e said body and com rising a. core portion tapering outwardly l 'om a diameter substantially equal to that of the shank of the bolt to a diameter as great as that of the head of the bolt, and

mama? tion, spaced to provide passages approxi- 1o In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 16 my hand.

HENRY R. MERSELES.

angles to the axisof 

